Sustainable Development in Malaysia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainable Development in Malaysia - Essay Example In 1987, the Montreal Protocol enforces countries to avoid the usage of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) and different substances that lead to the ozone depletion. It is foreseen that CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) usage is reduced substantially then the ozone layer would probably be repaired itself by 2050. According to the Agenda 21, it is concluded that the ozone layer is essential for life. In the absence of ozone, no life would be possible on earth. In order to maintain and achieve increased sustainable development, it is essential to keep ozone layer protected. Sustainable development is referred as the way of determining and sustaining human needs. It also includes the preservation of environment for present life and future generations. Similarly, it is considered that the efficient use of available resources ensures their availability in the future. Sustainable development can be defined as the processes that ensures fulfillment of the present necessities without putting in danger the capacity of future generations to fulfill their own needs. In case of the targets being achieved, many problems will arise that can result in the reduction of capacity of generating anything new. The basic issues that the sustainable development projects are going through is that some times companies have to take actions and make decisions that seem to be non-profitable in the short term, but they ensure long-term sustainability. Similarly, the society should act in a responsible manner and make its efforts to preserve the environment by supporting plantati on that would probably help to reduce ozone destruction. Pusat Tenaga Malaysia was established on 12 May 1998, known to be Malaysia’s Green Technology Corporation (GreenTech Malaysia). It is a registered as an independent and non-profitable organization that is responsible for green energy in Malaysia that is under the Ministry of

Ultra Mobile PC’s Essay Example for Free

Ultra Mobile PC’s Essay Standard application This study asserts that UMPC’s can use any software integrated within the device and more especially when it comes to Windows XP and Vista. For example, businessmen can use Windows word, excel and power point application effectively without any problems. On the other hand, those users who are not able to use the available QWERTY keyboard can use the avainble USB port to connect to an external keyboard. UMPCs also have a touch sensitive screen, which can allow the use to fingers to prompt for information or even use pen calibration. In this manner, the user is able to keep a fast track of events may at class, in a business meeting or in cases of medics previewing patients and making quick notes on the touch screen. With the integration of various technologies which can integrate with windows XP and Vista software like Tablet Enhancements for Outlook (TEO) UMPC’s are able to maximize the use of captured data (Eisten technologies, 2004). The use of TEO allows, users to even edit their information with ease for increased efficiency. According to Eistein technologies the integration of TEO allows the users of UMPC’s to have; †¢ Convenient and more accurate handwriting recognition, which allows minimal mistakes if any. On the other hand one is able to convert their text when they want to according to their convenience. †¢ In using TEO, applications like PDA are easily recognized and applicable in UMPC’s. †¢ The use of TEO allows preview text to prompt the user of any unrecognized texts so that they can be corrected on time. †¢ TEO allows one to improve correction interfaces without much challenges compared to earlier versions. (Eisten technologies, 2004) With the use of TEO technology, the use of UMPC’s becomes more interesting and organized in all categories. For example, TEO can be applied in note taking and ensuring organized forms of data storage and accessibility (Eisten technologies, 2004). Interfacing to the Internet UMPC’s have higher compatibility of Internet interfacing. For example, users can apply the use of the available USB’s to connect to the Internet effectively. UMPC’s are modified for use with various forms of broadband technologies, which can allow people from different to interact through the Internet. On the other hand, businessmen can make connections through the Internet and save time and energy wasted in covering long distances by their clients. In many instances what matters with Internet interface in UMPC’s is the type of Internet subscriber used, and the effectiveness in service delivery. Studies show that one important feature in UMP’s comprise of their ability to have strong bases for browsing the internet (K. -W. Chin, et al, 2002). Conclusions and future predictions The following are some of the future predictions of this study; †¢ More studies should be carried to ensure more enhancements are made to UMPC’s †¢ Companies dealing with the UMPC technologies should come together and work in harmony for better results in modifying the existing forms of UMPC’s †¢ The target markets for UMPC’s should be the main drivers of modifications made in the UMPC devices so that companies can be able to make consumer quality goods in order to gain a competitive edge †¢ UMPC’s stand to be the next solution for commercial use and hence the need to ensure that they are treated with the seriousness that they deserve in the corporate and commercial world. Conclusion This study found out that UMPCs market and usability has greatly increased over the decades. UMPCs are currently viewed as the noble solutions to most challenges faced in commercial business for instance companies and hospital use. The effectiveness in information storage makes it easier even for hospitals to be able to store patient’s information and walk around with it, referring to it when the need arises. The medical sector which was most affected in terms of mobility of medical information stands to benefit greatly from the current use of the UMPC’s technologies. This study recommends that, mobile companies to come up with more significant milestones in the UMPC’s world should carry out more studies. Reference list Appear Networks. (2008). Appear Announces Support for Intel UMPC Devices. Retrieved on 27th December 2008 from www. appearnetworks. com/Appear-Announces-Support-for-Intel. html C. Barrett et al. (2002). â€Å"Characterizing the Interaction Between Routing and MAC Protocols in Ad-hoc Networks,† Proc. MobiHoc 2002 , pp. 92-103 C. Elliott B. Heile (2000) â€Å"Self-Organizing, Self-Healing Wireless Networks,† Proc. 2000 IEEE Intl Conf. on Personal Wireless Comm. , pp. 355-362. Eisten technologies. (2004). Tablet Enhancements for Outlook 2. 0. Retrieved on 27th December 2008 from http://www. tabletpcpost. com/modules. php? op=modloadname=Downloadsfile=indexreq=viewdownloaddetailslid=9ttitle=Tablet_Enhancements_for_Outlook_2.  0 J. Broch et al. (1998) â€Å"A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols,† Proc. Mobicom 98. D. Cavin et al. (2002) â€Å"On the accuracy of MANET simulators,† Proc. ACM Workshop on Princ. Mobile Computing (POMC02), Oct. 2002, pp. 38-43. online K. -W. Chin, et al. (2002). â€Å"Implementation Experience with MANET Routing Protocols,† ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review, Nov. 2002, pp. 49-59. Available online. M. S. Corson et al. (1999) â€Å"Internet-Based Mobile Ad Hoc Networking,† IEEE Internet Computing, pp. 63-70.

Evolution of Computers :: essays research papers fc

How many inventions in your lifetime can you think of that have changed everything in our society today? Computers have taken over today’s society. From everyday tasks to moving satellites in space, PCs have revolutionized almost everything in our society. Computers weren’t always this complicated though, and were around a long time before anyone even knew what the word â€Å"computer† meant. The Abacus was the first known machine developed to help perform mathematical equations. From what researchers have discovered it was invented around 500 to 600 BC in an area around China or Egypt. This early tool was used to perform addition and subtraction and can still be found used in some of today’s Middle Eastern cultures. In 650 AD the Hindus invented a written symbol for zero. Before this no true written calculations could be made, making this one of the most essential inventions to help computers. In 830 AD the first mathematics textbook was invented by a man named Mohammed Ibn Musa Abu Djefar. The subject of this textbook he wrote was â€Å"Al Gebr We'l Mukabala† which in today’s society is known as â€Å"Algebra† (History of Computers). So what does all of this have to do with computers? Well without numbers computers wouldn’t exist or have any reason to exist. The whole point of a computer is to perform mathematical computations. Computers weren’t the first to do these mathematical calculations though. In 1623 AD Wilhelm Schickard invented â€Å"The Calculating Clock† which would perform operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In the year 1801 Jacquard Loom devised a punch card system with a power loom and an automatic card reader. Later that century in 1890 Herman Hollerith invented a census calculator that put each person’s information on a punch card and sent it through an electrical/mechanical tabulating machine. This sped up the process from about 7 years to 2 years making this a very efficient method of performing a census, which in turn helped spread it around the world (History of Computers). Jump to the year 1937 when John V. Atanasoff invented the first electronic computer. This computer and others below, unless otherwise stated, were made using vacuum tubes, â€Å"an electronic device in which conduction by electrons takes place through a vacuum within a sealed glass or metal container and which has various uses based on the controlled flow of electrons† (Dictionary.com). From 1941 to 1954 the governments of various countries started developing different computers for different purposes (Sandiego 1).

Free Essays: The Vivid Imagery of Homers Odyssey :: Odyssey essays

The Vivid Imagery of Homer's Odyssey In the epic the Odyssey by Homer (translated by Robert Fitzgerald) one of the most descriptive and best written passages in the entire epic is "The Slaying of the Suitors" (book 23 lines1-62). This is a good passage for many reasons, one of these is that it is a part of the story that has been built up and anticipated by all. Another is the vivid imagery used by Homer. There is one more reason, this being the tone of the passage. The tone of this passage is very important to it and adds very much to it. One of the most talked of conflicts in the Odyssey is the suitors ravaging the possessions and house of Odysseus. They were able to do this because he was presumed dead and they didn't worry about him coming to protect his house and family. The impact of the passage in question is so important because it is when Odysseus returns to his home and kills the suitors. This is a large part of the final resolution, it al begins with this, for once the suitors are gone Odysseus is free to reclaim is post in society. It also gives the reader a great feeling of elation that the suitors who are terrorizing the house of Odysseus. A quote that really gives a good idea of the overall impact and resolution that this passage gives is as follows "You yellow dogs, you thought I'd never make it home from the land of Troy. You took my house to plunder, twisted my maids to serve your beds. You dared bid for my wife while I was still alive. Contempt was all you had for the gods who rule wide heaven, contempt for what men say of you hereafter. Your last hour has come. You die in blood." (page 410 lines 37-43). This quote gives a good impression of the closure that is given by this passage, included for this purpose, because it give Odysseus his revenge, the suitors will die in disgrace, Odysseus has finally returned to claim his place. The dominant impression created by this passage is summed up in the quote above, vengeance, elation at the deaths of the suitors and the felling that Odysseus is back and he's not

The Need to Disobey

The Need to Disobey Both Antigone by Sophocles and â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† (â€Å"LBJ†) by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) are stories which portray the theme of civil disobedience. Antigone is a play written by Sophocles that takes place in Thebes, Greece. Antigone arrives in Thebes and learns that both of her brothers died in war. Her brother Etocles has been given a proper burial while Creon, the King of Thebes, refuses to bury her other brother Polynices because he was a traitor. Antigone chooses to break the law and buries her brother, and gets caught.Despite the pleas of Antigone and Haemon, Creon’s son and Antigone’s fiance, Creon sentences Antigone to death by live burial and starvation. Feeling that it is a better option than taking the sentence, Antigone hangs herself, and when Haemon finds her, he kills himself out of despair. Queen Eurydice, Haemon’s mother and Creon’s wife, kills herself with a sharp knife. Creon is l eft in sorrow and distress when he too late finds that he has made a fatal mistake. On the other hand, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is an essay written by MLK that he wrote in the city jail in Birmingham, Alabama.He had been arrested for parading without a permit during his non-violent protest against racial segregation. His letter is addressed to the â€Å"fellow clergymen† who criticized his work. Both writings have a character who defies the civil law because it breaks the moral law. However, the writings are also different in many ways. Overall, MLK’s â€Å"LBJ† is better than Sophocles’ Antigone. Firstly, â€Å"LBJ† is better than Antigone because the theme is portrayed in a more positive and successful way.In Antigone, it is clear that civil disobedience brought Antigone to an untimely death as Creon finds out, â€Å"Too late, too late you see what justice means† (p. 124, l. 1400-1401). Though Antigone fully disobeys Creon ’s law by burying her brother, her actions are not successful and lead to her death instead of her triumph. Only after she dies, Creon realizes that she did it for a just cause, but he is unable to turn back time and is left in despair. However, MLK is more successful in addressing the problem before it is too late, â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere† (pp. , p. 1). MLK explains that the injustice of racial prejudice he sees in the South cannot be ignored because, even if one is not part of it, it is morally wrong and unacceptable. MLK makes a more direct point that civil disobedience is necessary, and he is more effective in directly influencing the people around him, while in the play Antigone, Antigone is unable to influence Creon. â€Å"LBJ† is not only more successful in carrying out the theme, but is also more credible than Antigone. Since it is more credible, â€Å"LBJ† is better than Antigone.Antigone is a play that takes pl ace in Ancient Greece, â€Å"Land of Thebes, city of all my fathers –† (p. 107, l. 1027). Though Antigone has had a tremendous impact on society, the play itself is undeniably fictional and the events in it did not actually take place. The main character, Antigone, is also fictional and was made up by Sophocles to show his point on civil disobedience. On the other hand, â€Å"LBJ† is an essay written about true events by someone who was experiencing the injustice firsthand, â€Å"I am in Birmingham because injustice is here† (pp. 3, p. ). MLK’s â€Å"LBJ† is clearly a nonfictional writing and is therefore much more credible and can be referenced to as a primary source in history. MLK himself is still known to be one of the most important figures in American history and his writings are a very credible source as to why he took part in civil disobedience. â€Å"LBJ† is not only more credible, but is also does a better job in persuading the reader. The writing style of â€Å"LBJ† makes it easier to understand and therefore better than Antigone because it uses more logos rather than pathos arguments.When Antigone appeals to Creon, she uses the argument â€Å"I was born to join in love, not hate – that is my nature† (p. 86, l. 590 – 591). Though this argument is not completely invalid, it is weak because it cannot help Antigone when it comes to the law, which does not change because of people’s emotional natures. Her pathos arguments did not appeal to Creon, who insists she disobeyed the law and should receive just punishment. Another factor of the play is that it is written in dialogue which is sometimes difficult to understand and follow Antigone and Haemon’s arguments.However, MLK is much more logical in his approach to the issue he is dealing with, â€Å"In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 2, p. 2). By explaining the steps to his camp aign, MLK shows that the actions he took were perfectly necessary and logical. After going into detail about each of the four steps, MLK proves that what he did was justified by logos arguments. Additionally, the writing style of MLK’s essay is very methodical and is written in modern English. However, when examining the impact of each of these works, another very important point puts â€Å"LBJ† above Antigone. LBJ† is more relatable to modern society than Antigone, which makes it better. Some of the ideas used in Antigone are no longer relevant to modern society, which is evident when Antigone speaks about her brother’s burial rites, â€Å"Hasn’t Creon graced one with all the rites, disgraced the other? † (p. 60, l. 27). Though burial is still important in modern times, it had a bigger significance in Ancient Greece because they believed that not being buried meant that the person would be in eternal unrest instead of being allowed into Hade s.Therefore, the reason for Antigone’s disobedience is more difficult to understand for modern people. However, MLK says, â€Å"Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear-drenched communities, and in some not too distant tomorrow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 4, p. 12). The reason for MLK’s disobedience is much easier to understand as the issue of racial segregation is still present in modern society. It is easier to see MLK’s direct impact on modern society than Sophocles’ indirect way of impacting society.This is evident as MLK writes about a â€Å"not too distant tomorrow†, which is now because the essay was written in 1963. In these ways, â€Å"LBJ† is more relatable to modern society. Therefore, since it portrays the theme better, is more credible, is easier to understand, and more relatable in modern times, MLK’s â€Å"LBJ† is better than Sophocle’s Antigone. Another example of civil disobedience in history was in Mahatma Gandhi. Just like Antigone and King, he used nonviolent protest in an attempt to liberate the Indian people from British control.He first led peaceful protests against excessive land taxes and reached out to including all religious groups. Later, his success was evident after he assumed leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921 and led nationwide campaigns for many national issues. Above all, his main goal and reason for his peaceful protest was to achieve independence of India from British domination, which was against the law and a great example of civil disobedience. His actions resemble those of MLK and Antigone, and he was even looked up to by MLK as a role model in peaceful protest, making him the prime example of civil disobedience.

The Terror - History of the French Revolution

The Terror - History of the French Revolution In July 1793, the revolution was at its lowest ebb. Enemy forces were advancing over French soil, British ships hovered near French ports hoping to link up with rebels, the Vendà ©e had become a region of open rebellion, and Federalist revolts were frequent. Parisians were worried that Charlotte Corday, the assassin of Marat, was only one of the thousands of provincial rebels operating in the capital ready to strike down the leaders of the revolution in droves. Meanwhile, power struggles between sansculottes and their enemies had begun to erupt in many sections of Paris. The whole country was unfolding into a civil war.   It got worse before it got better. While many of the Federalist revolts were collapsing under both local pressures- food shortages, fear of reprisals, reluctant to march far- and the actions of Convention Deputies sent on mission, on August 27th, 1793 Toulon accepted an offer of protection from a British fleet which had been sailing offshore, declaring themselves in favor of the infant Louis VII and welcoming the British to port. The Terror Begins While the Committee of Public Safety wasnt an executive government- on August 1st, 1793, the Convention refused a motion calling for it to become the provisional government; it was the closest France had to anyone being in overall charge, and it moved to meet the challenge with utter ruthlessness. Over the next year, the committee  marshaled the nations resources to tackle its many crises. It also presided over the bloodiest period of the revolution: The Terror. Marat may have been killed, but many French citizens were still forwarding his ideas, chiefly that only the extreme use of the guillotine against traitors, suspects, and counter-revolutionaries would solve the countrys problems. They felt terror was necessary- not figurative terror, not a posture, but actual government rule through terror.   The Convention deputies increasingly heeded these calls. There were complaints about a spirit of moderation in the Convention and another series of price increases were quickly blamed on endormers, or dozer (as in sleeping) deputies. On September 4th, 1793, a demonstration for more wages and bread was quickly turned to the advantage of those calling for terror, and they returned on the 5th to march to the Convention. Chaumette, backed by thousands of sans-culottes, declared that the Convention should tackle the shortages by strict implementation of the laws. The Convention agreed, and in addition voted to finally organize the revolutionary armies people had agitated for over previous months to march against the hoarders and unpatriotic members of the countryside, although they turned down Chaumette’s request for the armies to be accompanied by guillotines on wheels for even swifter justice. In addition, Danton argued that arms production should be increased until every patriot had a musket and that the Revolutionary Tribunal should be divided to increase efficiency. The sansculottes had once again forced their wishes onto and through the Convention; terror was now in force. Execution On September 17th, a Law of Suspects was introduced allowing for the arrest of anyone whose conduct suggested they were supporters of tyranny or federalism, a law which could be easily twisted to affect just about everyone in the nation. Terror could be applied to everyone, easily. There were also laws against nobles who had been anything less than zealous in their support for the revolution. A maximum was set for a wide range of food and goods and the Revolutionary Armies formed and set out to search for traitors and crush the revolt. Even speech was affected, with citizen becoming the popular way of referring to others; not using the term was a cause for suspicion. Its usually forgotten that the laws passed during the Terror went beyond simply tackling the various crises. The Bocquier Law of December 19th, 1793 provided a system of compulsory and free state education for all children aged 6 – 13, albeit with a curriculum stressing patriotism. Homeless children also became a state responsibility, and people born out of wedlock were given full inheritance rights. A universal system of metric weights and measurements was introduced on August 1, 1793, while an attempt to end poverty was made by using ‘suspects’ property to aid the poor. However, it is the executions for which the Terror is so infamous, and these began with the execution of a faction called the Enrages, who was soon followed by the former queen, Marie Antoinette, on October 17th and many of the Girondins on October 31st. Around 16,000 people (not including deaths in the Vendà ©e, see below) went to the guillotine in the next nine months as the Terror lived up to its name, and around the same again also died as a result, usually in prison. In Lyons, which surrendered at the end of 1793, the Committee of Public Safety decided to set an example and there were so many to be guillotined that on December 4th-8th, 1793 people were executed en masse by cannon fire. Whole areas of the town were destroyed and 1880 killed. In Toulon, which was recaptured on December 17th thanks to one Captain Bonaparte and his artillery, 800 were shot and nearly 300 guillotined. Marseilles and Bordeaux, which also capitulated, escaped relatively lightly with only hundreds executed. The Repression of the Vendà ©e The Committee of Public Safetys counter-offensive took the terror deep into the heart of the Vendà ©e. Government forces also began winning battles, forcing a retreat which killed around 10,000 and the whites began to melt away. However, the final defeat of the Vendà ©es army at Savenay was not the end, because repression followed which ravaged the area, burnt swathes of land and slaughtered around a quarter of a million rebels. In Nantes, the deputy on mission, Carrier, ordered the guilty to be tied up on barges which were then sunk in the river. These were the noyades and they killed at least 1800 people. The Nature of the Terror Carriers actions were typical of autumn 1793 when deputies on mission took the initiative in spreading the Terror using revolutionary armies, which may have grown to 40,000 strong. These were normally recruited from the local area they were to operate in and were usually comprised of artisans from the cities. Their local knowledge was essential in seeking out hoarders and traitors, usually from the countryside. Around half a million people may have been imprisoned across France, and 10,000 may have died in prison without trial. Many lynchings also occurred. However, this early phase of the terror was not, as legend recalls, aimed at nobles, who made up only 9% of the victims; clergy were 7%. Most executions occurred in Federalist areas after the army had regained control and some loyal areas escaped largely unscathed. It was  normal, everyday people, killing masses of other normal, everyday people. It was a civil war, not class. Dechristianization During the Terror, deputies on mission began attacking the symbols of Catholicism: smashing images, vandalizing buildings, and burning vestments. On October 7th, in Rheims, the sacred oil of Clovis which was used to anoint French kings was smashed. When a revolutionary calendar was introduced, making a break with the Christian calendar by starting on September 22nd, 1792 (this new calendar had twelve-thirty day months with three ten-day weeks) the deputies increased their dechristianization, especially in regions where rebellion had been put down. The Paris Commune made dechristianization an official policy and attacks began in Paris on religious symbols: Saint was even removed from street names. The Committee of Public Safety grew concerned about the counter-productive effects, especially Robespierre who believed that faith was vital to order. He spoke out and even got the Convention to restate their commitment to religious freedom, but it was too late. Dechristianization flourished across the nation, churches closed and 20,000 priests were pressured into renouncing their position. The Law of 14 Frimaire On December 4th, 1793, a law was passed, taking as its name the date in the Revolutionary Calendar: 14 Frimaire. This law was designed to give the Committee of Public Safety even more control over the whole of France by providing a structured chain of authority under the revolutionary government and to keep everything highly centralized. The Committee was now the supreme executive and nobody further down the chain was supposed to alter the decrees in any way, including the deputies on a mission who became increasingly sidelined as local district and commune bodies took over the job of applying the law. All unofficial bodies were shut down, including provincial revolutionary armies. Even the departmental organization was bypassed for everything bar tax and public works. In effect, the law of 14 Frimaire aimed to institute a uniform administration with no resistance, the opposite of that to the constitution of 1791. It marked the end of the first phase of the terror, a chaotic regime, and an end to the campaigning of the revolutionary armies who first came under central control and were then closed on March 27th, 1794. Meanwhile, factional infighting in Paris saw more groups go to the guillotine and sansculotte power began to wane, partly as a result of exhaustion, partly because of the success of their measures (there was little left to agitate for) and partly as a purging of the Paris Commune took hold. The Republic of Virtue By the spring and summer of 1794, Robespierre, who had argued against dechristianization, had tried to save Marie Antoinette from the guillotine and who had vacillated over the future began to form a vision of how the republic should be run. He wanted a cleansing of the country and committee and he outlined his idea for a republic of virtue while denouncing those he deemed non-virtuous, many of whom, including Danton, went to the Guillotine. So began a new phase in the Terror, where people could be executed for what they might do, not had done, or simply because they failed to meet Robespierres new moral standard, his utopia of murder. The Republic of Virtue  concentrated power at the Centre, around Robespierre. This included closing all provincial courts for conspiracy and counter-revolutionary charges, which were to be held at the Revolutionary Tribunal in Paris instead. Parisian jails soon filled with suspects and the process was speeded up to cope, partly by scrapping witnesses and defense. Furthermore, the only punishment it could give out was death. As with the Law of Suspects, almost anyone could be found guilty for anything under these new criteria. Executions, which had tailed off, now rose sharply again. 1,515 people were executed in Paris in June and July 1794, 38% of which were nobles, 28% clergy and 50% bourgeoisie. The Terror was now almost class-based rather than against counter-revolutionaries. In addition, the Paris Commune was altered to become docile to the Committee of Public Safety and proscribed wage levels were introduced. These were unpopular, but the Paris sections were now too centralized to oppose it. Dechristianization was reversed as Robespierre, still convinced that faith was important, introduced the Cult of the Supreme Being on May 7th, 1794. This was a series of Republican themed celebrations to be held on the rest days of the new calendar, a new civic religion.

Law vs. Beliefs essays

Law vs. Beliefs essays What does a person have to face when he breaks the rule and the law? His self-consciousness? The negative consequences after he gets caught? An individual should not break the social rule stipulated by law. This is what we have been taught and educated about since our childhood, and this legal and moral concept has been deeply implanted in our minds and guides our daily behavior, our way of communicating with others, and our style of interacting with this society. An individual should not break the rule even if it ¡Ã‚ ¯s against his or her personal beliefs. Law is something set by a nation ¡Ã‚ ¯s legislative organization for people to follow. It aims at protecting the rights, properties, etc., of the great majority of the people in the society. Law and personal beliefs do not contradict one another in a general, normal sense. They are a somewhat complementary distribution interaction. Sometimes, they go against each other, even though law cannot be sacrificed for the sake of so- called satisfaction of personal beliefs. In a society law is set to protect people ¡Ã‚ ¯s rights within it. When the law is broken the individual who breaks the law may enjoy some privileges; others may lose them at the same time. The purpose of the law is not only giving people rights but also keeping a common peace within a community or society by confining or limiting people ¡Ã‚ ¯s boundaries of activities. To keep a common peace is what national government uses to keep the country united into one. Breaking the law would do nothing good for ourselves as individuals but causes trouble, disadvantage, etc. The basic concept of being a knowledgeable human is not breaking rules, even if it ¡Ã‚ ¯s against ones own beliefs. Three social conventions confine and influence directly or indirectly our individual and social behavior in our daily life. They are law, morality and belief, overlapping on top of each other as a hierarchy. One follows another, and seldom contradi...

Tick Tock essays

Tick Tock essays A thirty-year-old detective-novelist living in southern California named Tommy Phan is on top if the world. He had just purchased a brand new Corvette and is living his fantasy of living the American dream. On his way home he calls his mother to inform her of his new toy. After feeling guilty about the conversation, because he is living his dream and not living with his family and working at the family business. On his way home he stops at a diner to get something to eat he meets a young blond. After he pays he speeds up in his new car so he can arrive home. When he arrives at his home he notices a small rag doll on his doorstep. Confused, but intrigued he picks up the doll and carried it inside. He proceeded up his stairs to his computer work with the doll still in hand and placed it up against a lamp. After he sits down he studies the doll more carefully and notices a small folded note with a pin holding its place next to the small hand. The note is written in Viennese, no t knowing the language since he was eight, he puts it down and examines the doll and sees two stitched crosses where the eyes should be, one for the nose, one over the heart, and five for the mouth. He leaves the room and when he enters the doll isn't where he left it and there is a message on his computer that had not been there before. It reads " the deadline is dawn ". Scared by the note he tries to find the doll. When he picks it up off the floor and props the doll next to the lamp where it had been before. He starts to work on his books, about a detective named Chippen Wen a charming, brave man who can do anything if he has a gun and his fists. A small pop alarms him and he looks at the doll and notices that the stitching across the heart on the doll was not there. He picks up the doll and places his hand over the heart and can here ticking, almost like a heart beating. Another popping sound and he could see eyes and a mouth. Breaking out ...

Grandfathers Funeral at Age 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Grandfathers Funeral at Age 6 - Essay Example Hearing about how good he was made me appreciate the new side of him and really wished I had gotten his better side when he was living. Age 6, father argued that although I was still young, I was old enough to attend my grandfather’s funeral. At the age of six, my grandfather passed away after suffering from pulmonary fibrosis. Grandfather got sick 3 months ago and went quickly perhaps because of his old age. I was really tensed when it came to family viewing. I wondered how hyperactive I was and how the experience of the funeral could have appeared for me. However, I felt that it was significant to celebrate grandfather’s life because he was a very important figure in my life. This was actually part of family life and being that I was part of the family, my father thought it wise to include everyone. It made a lot of sense celebrating the life of someone who had a great effect on the family. He had achieved several things in his life and he told me many stories before his death. I was personally touched and felt that attending the funeral would be the final way of saying bye to him. He handled himself in a wise manner. I so much felt that I lost something precious in my life. People were mourning and my parents talked less about the old man. Various people shared great things grandfather did during his lifetime. Interestingly, no one talked of another part of grandfather and this made me think that he must have been a man of the people who never committed sin. The whole experience was quite humbling and I thought about how cool my grandfather was. Pictures on the walls showed a smiling old man who supposedly loved everyone. I felt he was the happiest man I ever set my life on. Grandfather understood and comforted me most of the times and I wondered if I would ever get such kind of a person in life. Saying goodbye to grandfather was crucial and sheltering from the lifecycle event such as death could definitely lead to fear.  

DISCUSSION 6 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DISCUSSION 6 - Article Example The sampling strategy that was used for the purpose of study was a random sampling. The study was conducted in one place of DRC, which has typical for the given country conditions. Only one period of distribution was selected (between November and January). Three hundred and sixty two women were randomly selected to take part in the study. Three hundred and twenty eight delivery interviews were conducted. A random sample of 115 women were invited to participate in a 6-month post-delivery interview (Pettifor et al., 2009). Presented sample strategy is representative for the given region. However, it has several limitations that does not permit to spread the obtained results to all population of Congo. The authors admit that the main limitations are the small sample size, estimation for only one object and for only one period. The study that compared the effectiveness for different social groups, groups living in rural and urban areas was not conducted. The damages of nets after 6-month period of utilization that does not permit the further use were not taken into account. Nevertheless, the significant difference of LLINs utilization before and after the distribution permits to conclude that obtained results support the idea that distribution free of charge is the effective measure. The improved sample strategy has to include estimation of the given measure for several objects in different parts of the country. Participants in the places have to be selected several times per year, especially before the periods when mosquitos are the most active. Sample size have to be increased. Random sampling strategy would be the most effective. The possible suitable strategy that permits to estimate the effect for different social or age groups could be a stratified random sampling. Pettifor, A. et al. (2009). Free distribution of insecticide treated bed nets to pregnant women in Kinshasa:

Industrial society and native culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Industrial society and native culture - Essay Example With most of the industrial world following capitalist means of running their economies, the exploitation of natural resources in an unsustainable manner is the norm. However, an almost intuitive understanding of the manner in which nature functions enables native cultures to utilize natural resources in sustainable ways. The Brazilian Amazonian tribes follow methods of living that enable one to infer their respect for the environment. At first glance, the method of agriculture that they follow, slash and burn agriculture is done in a manner that the ecological balance of the area is not upset. Moreover, different plants are planted at different points of time, which not only ensures a constant supply of food but also efficient use of the soil’s fertility. This also provides the land an opportunity to replenish itself. The Yanomami is a tribe that follows these methods of farming to great effect. Initially, when the Europeans came to the Amazon, they were surprised at how the area was able to support the number of people that it did. This is possible because of the manner in which the Yanomami and other tribes in this area understand the ecology of the area and attempt to live in harmony with it (Hutchison 159-63, 2007). The needs of the present day Brazilian industrial society, is however, different. With a much greater population and corresponding needs, the Brazilian industrial society usually requires a greater yield than what slash and burn agriculture is able to provide. As a result, it has to follow scientific methods of agriculture that suit the needs of the urban populations of Brazil. A concerted effort in the past thirty years has enabled the Brazilian state to increase its agricultural production and achieve a food surplus (The Miracle, 2010). It has managed to surpass the problems that have plagued the management of environmental issues

Critical diference between java and C# Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical diference between java and C# - Essay Example loper the earlier sentence could be explained as ‘a short description of the Java language and platform’ instead the words C# and the .NET platform were replaced with words Java and the Java platform ( Obasanjo, 2007). C# is developed by Microsoft as part of the .NET initiative and later got consented as a standard by European Computers Manufacturing Association (ECMA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The development of the C# language was led by Anders Hejlsberg and has a procedural, object-oriented syntax based on C++ and comprises features of several other programming languages with a special attention on simplification. C# is supposed to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language (Wikipedia, 2008). Java is another programming language basically developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a most important element of Suns Java platform. This programming language receives most of its syntax from C and C++ and has a pure object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java usages are normally compiled to byte code which can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. The basic and reference implementation Java compilers, and class libraries were progressed by Sun from 1995. In acquiescence with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun presented most of their Java technologies as free software under the GNU General Public License in May, 2007. Others too advanced alternative implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for Java and GNU Class path (Wikipedia, 2008). Java and C# are not the same.   There are some areas somewhere they are considerably dissimilar, and the execution of properties is one of those areas.   Hence, so as to be capable in both languages, one needs to know the dissimilarities in the way that properties are implemented in each of the two languages. For this purpose, there is a need to understand the

Gays in the Military (Equal Employment Opportunity) Essay

Gays in the Military (Equal Employment Opportunity) - Essay Example This policy also lawfully pertains to military personnel. It’s simple, the government does not allow discriminatory practices in hiring therefore gays must be given equal access to all military jobs whether in a combat or non-combat role. However, the issue of gays in the military is far from simple and a topic of heated debate. The main argument against it concerns privacy and troop morale while the argument for is based on defending the uniquely American concept of personal freedom that the troops are fighting to protect, among other objectives. Some suggest that bigotry and ignorance are the root causes of the opposition to gays serving their country, that troop morale is just an excuse used to deny American citizens their civil liberties. Others believe homosexuality to be an immoral lifestyle choice which, if tolerated, would tarnish the proud, well-deserved iconic image the U.S. Armed Forces has spent centuries to earn and diminished the effectiveness of the men and wome n in uniform. This discussion examines the debate in a historical context specifically the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ policy, the Constitution and the Founding Fathers’ viewpoint on personal liberties as well as the opinions of those who inspired the Founders, both pro and con as it pertains to this issue. It also addresses the issue of homosexuality itself, an important consideration because if it is indeed a choice, in the same way drinking and driving is a choice, then it would not be covered under federal employment discrimination laws. The opinions and reasoning’s of those against gays in the military will be reviewed and subsequently debunked while the harmful effects to the security of the U.S. by banning gays are illuminated. The ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ policy was enacted soon after President Bill Clinton assumed office in 1993. Clinton initially sought to end the military’s ban on admitting gays entirely with no

Critical diference between java and C# Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical diference between java and C# - Essay Example loper the earlier sentence could be explained as ‘a short description of the Java language and platform’ instead the words C# and the .NET platform were replaced with words Java and the Java platform ( Obasanjo, 2007). C# is developed by Microsoft as part of the .NET initiative and later got consented as a standard by European Computers Manufacturing Association (ECMA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The development of the C# language was led by Anders Hejlsberg and has a procedural, object-oriented syntax based on C++ and comprises features of several other programming languages with a special attention on simplification. C# is supposed to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language (Wikipedia, 2008). Java is another programming language basically developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a most important element of Suns Java platform. This programming language receives most of its syntax from C and C++ and has a pure object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java usages are normally compiled to byte code which can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. The basic and reference implementation Java compilers, and class libraries were progressed by Sun from 1995. In acquiescence with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun presented most of their Java technologies as free software under the GNU General Public License in May, 2007. Others too advanced alternative implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for Java and GNU Class path (Wikipedia, 2008). Java and C# are not the same.   There are some areas somewhere they are considerably dissimilar, and the execution of properties is one of those areas.   Hence, so as to be capable in both languages, one needs to know the dissimilarities in the way that properties are implemented in each of the two languages. For this purpose, there is a need to understand the

How might an anthropologist analyse a mainstream film Essay

How might an anthropologist analyse a mainstream film - Essay Example The depiction of the characters in the movie is not only racist in more ways than one, it is also extremely sexist. It takes historically inaccurate facts and places the burden of a sexist society upon the tribes of America. The vision that the director and the makers of the movie endorse is extremely problematic and make for disturbing viewing when looked through with a postcolonial and feminist approach. The dissection of the movie in this paper shall then proceed with the gaze of an anthropologist. Another factor that shall be looked into is the fact that Gibson’s movie was a mainstream one and hence factors in popular notions regarding other cultures. This then brings in the elements of reception and the cultural attitudes that are prevalent in the American and also global population. What sections of the population are targeted is also something that needs to be discussed here. This paper shall seek to look at these elements of the debate and also a psychoanalytic approac h into the understanding of why certain races are depicted as they are in popular culture. However, there is another side to this debate. The changes that are introduced into the idea of the Mayans represent the idea of difference between the city and the forest within Mayan culture. The movie is then an indictment of Mayan elite culture that according to Gibson had degenerated into a set of mindless rituals. The city becomes the center of all forms of evil that Gibson associates with Mayan culture. This is then contrasted with the culture that is prevalent within the geographical confines of the village. This village is then the site of family and bonding between different members of the same society. It is a self-sufficient unit that is understood to be a space where traditional aspects of Mayan life are followed without there being a corruption of these ways. There is however, also the presence of technology in the form of traps and other devices that smoothen the life of the peo ple in the villages. There is thus, an endorsement of the idea of the â€Å"noble savage† as Jean Jacques Rousseau thought of it. It discussed the idea of man in a pure state which made him not merely a savage but also a noble one that was purer than the man who had been corrupted by civilization (Basic Concept: Primitivism and the Noble Savage). Throughout the movie, aspects of Mayan culture are denigrated and the only character whose perspective is taken for a large part of the movie is that of the protagonist, Jaguar Paw. The movie traces the life that this character leads where a process of colonization takes place between different tribes within America. The fickleness of power is made clear in this kind of transfer of power takes place very frequently. One of the people who were met by Jaguar Paw is later seen as a captive within a matter of a few days. All of this leads to the series of human sacrifices that take place at the Mayan temple in an effort to appease the Ma yan god Kukulkan. The degeneration of the culture of the elite and those that live in the city are talked of in this movie. The connection between Jaguar Paw and the nature of his homeland is repeatedly stressed. This can also be seen in the way in which the forest decimates the people of the city who seek to kill Jaguar Paw. The connection between Jaguar Paw and his homeland’

Recreation and Sports Essay Example for Free

Recreation and Sports Essay Everyone has a favorite kind of leisure, whether it is reading a book, taking a walk, or just watching T. V. , leisure is something that everyone has experienced. For me, my favorite kind of leisure is deer hunting. It is not only something I have done my whole life, but it is also something that has been a bonding experience in my family, and that has grown into a passion over time. Growing up in the Piney Woods of East Texas finding a place to hunt was never a problem. I remember getting up on cold fall mornings with my grandpa going out to the woods, and just sitting, listening, and waiting for the forest to come to life. My dad and grandpa first started taking me hunting when I was around 5 years old, so you could say that I was exposed to hunting at a young age. Hunting has always been a way that the men in my family have bonded, although all of the women in my family love the outdoors none of them were ever very eager to hunt. Another thing about living in the Piney Woods, as hunting may be seen as an expensive sport in other parts of the world and the country, as long as you had a gun and a hunting license, it was not hard to find a place to hunt. As a child hunting with my relatives, I never was really involved in preparing for hunting season. As I grew older I began to become more and more involved in the work it took to get ready for the season, such as planting oat patches, and setting up corn feeders. This helped me to grow in y leisure, because it helped me to feel more relaxed because I was using something that I had worked hard to fix up for my recreation. When I turned 13 years old I started to hunt by myself, this helped me to develop more respect for hunting because I had more responsibility hunting by myself, because I was making decisions on my own. Being able to hunt by myself also increased the time that I could hunt, because being younger than my dad and grandpa, I could go hunting after school and on weekends when they had to work. This increased the amount of leisure time I had. When I was still in high school I structured a lot of my time around hunting. If I didn’t have any kind of practices or any work to do at the school, I would usually plan to go hunting. Football and FFA took up a lot of my time but I molded hunting around the free time I had. If I had homework I would usually do it in the deer stand just to be in the quiet and have an opportunity to get my work done without distractions. When I got into college it became and has been harder for me to go hunting as much as I would like to. I have learned to mold when I go home by when I can hunt, so AM away football games are usually when I go home to see my family but also to hunt. Deer hunting has also helped me to build relationships with other adamant deer hunters like myself, while I have been in school, and helped me to gain some new friendships. Hunting has been a big leisure since I was a young age, and has been a leisure that my family could enjoy together since I was young. It is leisure that has grown over time and has turned into not just leisure, but a passion. The famous actor Jack Nicholson once said, â€Å"I don’t think many people have a very good understanding of leisure and the importance it plays in our lives. † For the most part I think we take leisure for granted, we don’t think about all the good things leisure can do for you. For example, leisure of hunting has given me a close relationship with my family, as well as something to pass on to my kids when I have them, and it is something that I will be passionate about for the rest of my life.

Students Perception On Fast Food Consumption

Students Perception On Fast Food Consumption Malaysians were first introduced to fast foods when AW established its first restaurant in 1963. Consumers acceptance of fast foods has been increasing. This is manifested by the proliferation of fast food outlets in Petaling Jaya and Kuala Lumpur, such as Mc Donalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Grandys, Pizza Hut and Shakeys Pizza. Especially during the past ten years. These restaurants are franchised outlets that serve standardised western style menus, prepared according to strict specifications and charge fixed prices. Nowadays, many Malaysian are becoming increasingly more westernized and pursuing greater convenience when eating out. For these reasons, fast food restaurants have become especially popular among adolescents. In fact, the main customer group of fast food restaurants is students. Primary school student will request for fast food such as Mc Donald, KFC or Pizza Hut when they spend their family day with parents. While for teenager, they love fast food because its a nice place for them to hang out with friends and chit chat with. Several dietary factors inherent in fast food may cause a variety of negative health effects, including obesity, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease and some cancers due to massive portion of fast food, high energy density, palatability (appealing to primordial taste preferences for fats, sugar and salt), high content of saturated and trans fat, and low content of fibre. In order to induce students to have a correct understanding of the problems associated with fast food and to form a good dietary habit, it is necessary to realize how they perceive the influence of fast food on their health and nutrition. The purpose of this study is to examine Malaysian students perceptions and towards fast foods. A better understanding of the behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with eating fast food could provide useful descriptive information for potential intervention development. LITERATURE REVIEW This research paper is not undertaking as a substantial survey either of brand building or of consumer experience. Nor is it seeking the perception of student to fast food. Brands enhance human daily life. Consumers experience of using their familiar brands is more comfortable. This is because the essence of branded eating in fast food restaurants, albeit inflected culturally in different direction. Students consume the same brand as they friends did. This had brought out the trend among students which fast food restaurant is a place to hang out. According to Schlosser (2001) with increased mobility and the sprawling of urban areas people spent more time commuting to work. This was coupled with an increasing presence of women in the workplace thus leading to less time allocated for food preparation at home. At that stage, some three quarters of the family food budget was initially spent on fast food meals. Quick to capture the changing nature of the business, the fast food industry has also changed the face of the food chain in the last decades. Changes in food presentation and preparation were derived from technological improvements that facilitated the preservation of both uncooked and precooked foods. The advent of the microwave helped with the rapid preparation of food. As well as food preparation, the presentation of food also went through transformation. Outlets that were relied highly on staff and the use of crockery or cutlery gave way to a strong eat with your fingers emphasis. In addition to this, technological advances in packaging allowed the ultimate use of disposal of materials made of plastic, cardboard and polymers. These came in tandem with a drive towards uniformity of expectations, which included not only the presentation of the food itself, but also radical changes to the fundamentals of traditional restaurant (Schlosser 2001). Rault-Wack and Bricas (2002) propose that food is also a powerful medium for the construction of cultural and collective identities. Therefore, by establishing a corporate identity through the use of architectural symbolism such as red tiles and neon arches (Jackle and Scalle, 1999), the overall result meant that a particular name would be immediately associated with a particular product and service. As a result a strong brand association and identification was established facilitating the formation and consolidation of strong corporate identities. In the UK, fast food preparation and presentation thus follows the American model which created a strong cultural and collective identity. The model has provided the consumers with uniformity and repeated experience (Schlosser 2002). According to Anita Goyal and N.P. Singh survey, Consumers perception on fast foods in India had mention that after the liberalisation policy that came in force in 1991. Fast food industry grown in India as multinational fast food providers have set up their business either jointly with Indian partners or independently. From this journal was seeks to estimate importance of various factors affecting the choice of fast food outlets by Indian young consumers. According to the findings of the recent online survey from AC Nielson is among the top ten markets for weekly fast food consumption among the countries of Asia-Pacific region. Over 70 % of customers consume food from take-away restaurants once a month or more frequently. Identifying the drivers for preference of one-brand over another, the survey results indicate that 66% of customers who consider hygiene and cleanliness their most important criterion for selection. 24% of customers decide making criterion to purchase a fast food brand offer and 22% rely on their perception of whether a take-away brand offers them healthy food options. Other than that, youngest consumers are looking for variety, price, speed, delivery service and location in America and for price and novelties as well. Older consumers are more concern to cleanliness, nutritional value, quality and taste. According Tony Wilson and Khor Yoke Lim (2005), fast food culture has become a trend in the world. Even the state of ones health has become primary concern for consumer, but it does not affect the way consumers choose to eat. Having fast food becomes a part of student life. If current trend continue and forecast correct three quarters of todays teenage will be overweight or obese by the time they turn in 40 years old. Malaysia fast food industry is growing and attributed with the changing in life such as leisure and people life more convenience compare to years ago. Consumer have been spending less of their budget on the grocery store while spending more of their food money is ending up in cash register at the restaurant and fast food outlets. Besides that, convenience was another good perception view from public to fast food. Working adult willing to purchase fast food as their lunch or dinner due to its efficient for getting their meal and also its value packages which provided by fast food restaurant. Other than that, normally, fast food restaurant based in or near shopping complex or office building. This had build another good reason while employees are rushing for their lunch hour and they are much more prefer to have fast food in 15 minutes to enjoy for their one hour lunch time. Nowadays, people are more concern to health condition compare to years ago. Therefore, in long term healthy eating will be effective in reducing the risk of community towards chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Guidelines on fast foods are advertising to children and labelling of nutrient content. The increasing circulation of obesity among children is also a main reason. Nutrition labelling is to provide nutrition information on wrapper, brochure, pamphlet or posters of fast food. Consumers will be informed of the amount of the nutrients contains. Therefore, education towards consumer on the use of nutrition labelling information must to carry out to ensure effective use of the declaration. PROBLEM STATEMENT A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issues that need to be addressed by a problem solving team and should be created before they try to solve the problem. When bringing together a team to achieve a particular purpose provide them with a problem statement. In this students perception towards consuming of fast food, students believes that fast food are convenience and efficient. This is the factors that lead to the drastic increase in the statistical analysis on fast food consumption in Malaysia. This is because they had already set in mind fast food is convenient and less time consuming to purchase compare to a proper restaurants. Finally, fast food has become a basic social lifestyle as students treat a fast food restaurant as a place for gather and hang out. Research Question Research question 1: What is the perception of students on fast food? Hypotheses 1: Fast food is convenient and less time consuming Hypotheses 2: Fast food is place for gatherings and hangs out. Research question 2: What are the factors that influencing fast food consumption? Hypotheses 1: Fast food increases the obesity rate in Malaysian. Hypotheses 2: Fast foods foods are lack of nutrient and might causes health matters if consume in a long term. Research Objective The main objective of this research is to conduct a conclusive research to explore insights about students perception on fast food consumption. We want to know the student perception on fast food consumption and how this perception influencing them to consume a fast food as their meal. This research is also to identify and analyze the factors that influencing student on fast food consumption. The factors that influencing students fast food consumption can be in terms of price of the fast food, nutrition of the fast food, convenience and lifestyle. Price of fast food is an economic factor that influence them the most whether to consume fast food. This depend whether they got extra pocket money which usually come from their parents. Nowadays, fast food is one of the foods that students consume every day. Nutrition of fast food is taking into consideration for students healthy. This research is also conducted to find out whether student consume fast food is because of the convenience to get the fast food and eating fast food is kind of lifestyle. In short, the final analysis should give us what factors that influence the students on fast food consumption hence fast food restaurants can take the findings of this research as a guide to improve their services or make more profit. Research Framework Independent Moderating Dependent Variables Variable Variable Price of Fast Food Student consumption of Fast Food in Malaysia Students attitude towards Fast Food Demographic Nutrition of Fast Food Convenience of Fast Food This survey indicates that students consumption on fast food in Malaysia are affected by several variables which are price of purchasing fast food, trend or lifestyle of student, nutrition that contains and the convenience of the fast food. Refer to the framework, these 4 variables are important because either one of the variable will cause the perception of student to consume on fast food. Besides, all the variables had been affected by moderating variable, demography. The demography is include age, gender, income race and others demography that related to student consumption on fast food. Therefore, we take it as our independent variables for this research. Price The price is a component of an exchange or transaction that takes place between two parties and refers to what must be given up by one party (example: buyer) in order to obtain something offered by another party (example: seller). Price factors are said to influencing most of the students perception is because of the allowance from their parents are very minimal and students perception in purchasing fast food are believed to be expensive and not full filling. Sometimes, student will purchase fast food because of the price is reasonable for certain portion of the fast food. Therefore, the price is the perception of the student in fast food consumption. Attitude Besides, attitude is also an independent variable for the student perception on fast food. Attitudes is kind of manner, disposition, feeling posture of the body to expressive of an action, emotion regards to a person. This can be show that student attitudes towards Fast food are treating Fast food restaurant as a place for gatherings. Students nowadays like to hang around with friends at fast food restaurant compare library; they think that this is a part of their life or so called cool. Besides, student for high institution will spend more time at fast food restaurant to do their assignment, surf net, chit chat with their friend and so on, where all these activities can be doing at home, library or any parts of the campus. Nutrition Nutrition is nutrients in food, how the body uses nutrients, and the relationship between diet, health and disease. This is important to know what is the nutrition of the fast food contains and found out there is a poor nutrient value from the fast food. It is not only contains a very high calorie in some certain amount of fast food, it contains high monosodium glutamate (MSG), as a food additive and is commonly marketed as a flavour enhancer that is bad for health if it is highly consumed and fast food is of the leads to obesity among teenagers these days. Do students now a day refer to any nutrition labels before they purchase fast food and will the student aware of health if they have their fast food frequently? So, nutrition is very important for student perception on fast food that might influence student consumption to have fast food. Convenience Following is convenience of fast food. Convenience is anything that is intended to save resources (time, energy) or frustration. Convenience is one of the factors that most students do go for fast food as they think fast food is very convenient and less time consuming. In the students mind set of fast food is a place for everyone to visit there at anytime anywhere. Compare to a normal restaurant which need to wait for long queue just for waiting waitress to serve and order. However, fast food just need a few minutes where students can enjoy their meals without wasting time and energy. This is why fast food brings convenience to student. Research Methodology In this research, our main finding is factors that cause students perception from higher education institution in the fast food consumption. Most of the students are having pocket money that provided by their parents, money that students spend will automatically been limited due to amount of parents give to them, so we want to find out that price will change student perception in fast food area. Besides price factor, we also will focus on the convenience and attitude of students that influence their perception on fast food consumption. In addition, current condition in nutrition or health knowledge is also important to us to know that students will be affect by the nutrition knowledge when they want to consume fast food. Why So, we can use our finding to exploit our knowledge on perception of students on fast food consumption and it may also useful in future too. Population Sampling Students who consumed food obtained in fast food restaurants in Malaysia. Sample Sampling Our sample is students from Higher education Institutions. This is because, student in higher education level, their minded is much more mature to make decision. While our target number of students is 100 for direct collect survey which just for Wilayah Persekutuan and Selangor. This is because; higher education institutions are more locating in these 2 areas. But we not set a target for our online survey, this is because online survey hard to us to estimate it and we also have confidence that we sure can get many respondents. So, after conduct the online survey we just know that how many of respondents gather in online. Technique We will use survey method to collect or gather our data, due to the reason of survey is the easy way to give students to answer comparing with others techniques that quite complicated; moreover it is the inexpensive way to gather form a potentially large enough to respondents. Often they are the only feasible way to reach a number of reviewers large enough to allow statistically analysis of the results. We had separated our questionnaire into 5 parts, which are Demographic, Price, Convenience, Life Style and Nutrition. In addition, scale technique that we use is Likert scale. So, in the part of price, convenience, attitude and nutrition, we can get their response of perception of the higher level educations students in fast food view. While before the 5 part that previous mention, we also set questions to get some basic information about students perception on fast food consumption. For examples, which fast food restaurant are students most to consume. Where or location Fast food restaurants that around the higher education institution It can give us great chances to gather our survey from our target respondents which are students of high education institution. Besides the reason, it will give us more or accurate feeling from students to answer to the survey, such as Seri Kembangan Mc-Donald, Cyberjaya Domino Pizza. Online Survey Nowadays, all the students form higher education institution are online, no matter is their academic purpose, for fun or else they also spend a lots of time in online. So, through online survey, we can collect survey faster and easy. Reason of us to run 2 ways of survey is that we can gather different data or view of respondents when they are not from the same type of groups. For example, online respondents that do not consume much may have different view such as perception of price is higher compare with respondents which direct fulfill in the fast food restaurants. Time or period Most of the fast food restaurants are also have provide different package in different time or period, so we will separate 3 groups which are breakfast, lunch and dinner time slots to gather our survey, or it can also name as stratified sampling. Although online method can be collect data faster, but we also need to use 1 month to leave at online, so that can gather more responses. Our 2 methods will be run together so that can gather survey in the faster way. Questionnaire [1]Gender : Male Female [2]Age : à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 20 21 27 28 34 35 41 42 48 49 55 [3] Race : Malay Chinese Indian Others [4] Course : (Ex: BBA Marketing with Multimedia) [5] Year of Study: (1, 2, 3, 4, first, second, third, fourth or others) [6] Where do you live currently? (Sri Kembangan, Cyberia or others) [7] Income Level or Pocket Money:- RM2001.00 RM3000 .00 RM3001.00 RM4000.00 > RM4000.00 [8] Which fast food restaurant(s) you most consume? (May choose more than 1) KFC MC-Donald Burger King Pizza Hut AW Others: [9] I choose fast food because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (May choose more than 1) No Choice Delicious Easy to go Fast to get meal Others: [10] I frequently select fast foods _______________as my meal set. (May choose more than 1) Breakfast Lunch Tea time Dinner Supper Others [11] I choose fast food, when I am _____? Rushing of Time Very Hungry Stress Others [12] What do you think about the price rate for fast food in value meal? Strongly Inexpensive 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Expensive [13] What do you think about the price rate for fast food in ala cart? Strongly Inexpensive 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Expensive [14] How frequent do you add on or purchase a larger meal? Not Frequent 1 2 3 4 5 Very Frequent [15] How frequent do you redeem the voucher provided by fast food restaurant? Not Frequent 1 2 3 4 5 Very Frequent [16] Do you apply as a fast food restaurant member? Yes No If yes, do you use member card to get members privilege (such as redeem price)? Yes No If no, will you consider applying member card in the future? Yes No [17] Fast food restaurants location currently in town is best serving me. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [18] Fast food restaurant in shopping mall save my time in choosing food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [19] I can easily search for fast food restaurant whenever I feel like buying fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [20] I am willing to travel to a restaurant just to eat fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [21] Fast food restaurants location would be a consideration for me to buy fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [22] I will visit fast food restaurant more often if the fast food restaurant located nearby my house. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [23] I often use Drive-Thru service provided by the fast food restaurants when I am in a rush. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [24] Drive-Thru service provided by the fast food restaurants save my time in ordering fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [25] I often use delivery service provided by the fast food restaurants. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [26] Delivery service provided by the fast food restaurants save my time in ordering fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [27] Delivery service provided by the fast food restaurants delivered my order within the time period that they have promised. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [28] Counter service in fast food restaurant very fast in the speed in serving my order. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [29] Counter service in fast food restaurant is efficiently serving my order. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [30] I will visit fast food restaurant more often if the fast food restaurant serve my order in a shorter time. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [31] I like the concept where fast food restaurant open 24 hours a day. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [32] Do you know the nutrition contains in the fast food? Yes No [32] How do you know about the nutrition of fast food? Word of mouth Parents Education News paper [33] Are you alert about nutrition the value of fast food? Not alert 1 2 3 4 5 strongly alert [34] Would you still consider consuming particular fast food, after referring to Nutrition Value Label? Not consuming 1 2 3 4 5 strongly consuming [35] Do you think fast food nowadays is nutrition? Yes No [36] How often do you visit the fast food restaurant in a week? Every day 3 times 2 times Never. [37] Do you agree on going to a fast food restaurant for a supper? Yes No [38] The most suitable place to organize a group gathering isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, Pub Fast food restaurant At home Others __________ [39] Do you think Wi-Fi is important to be implemented in a fast food restaurant? (Please state your reasons below.) Yes No __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [40] Lastly, What came across your mind, when you hear the word FAST FOOD? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Selfish Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Selfish Edna Pontellier in The Awakening Could the actions of Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopin's novella The Awakening ever be justified? This question could be argued from two different perspectives. The social view of The Awakening would accuse Edna Pontellier of being selfish and unjustified in her actions. Yet, in terms of the story's romanticism, Edna was in many ways an admirable character. She liberated herself from her restraints and achieved nearly all that she desired. Chopin could have written this novel to glorify a woman in revolt against conventions of the period. Yet, since the social standpoint is more factual and straightforward, it is the basis of this paper. Therefore, no, her affairs, treatment of her family and lovers, and suicide were completely unwarranted. She was not denied love or support by any of those close to her. Ultimately Edna Pontellier was simply selfish. A typically assumed reason for having an affair is that the person's spouse is, in some way, unsatisfactory. Perhaps by their affair, they are searching for a better source of love. This, however, was not a justifiable cause for Edna's adultery. Mr. Pontellier was a loving husband who tried to show his love for Edna in all of the ways he was able. Léonce showered his wife with valuable gifts. His life revolved around money, and he knew no other way to show his wife how much he loved her. He attempted to compensate Mrs. Pontellier materialistically for the lack of emotional support. While this may not be an ideal solution to the problem, it cannot be denied that Mr. Pontellier was trying to diminish the problems between them. Yet, even though it is understandable that she is upset that her husband lacks family skills, getting married was solely Edna's fault. The history of their relationship is far from perfect. Chopin states "her marriage to Léonce Pontellie r was purely an accident... He fell in love...and pressed his suit with an earnestness and an ardor which left nothing to be desired. He pleased her; his absolute devotion flattered her" (18). Edna was not fair to him when she married him without loving him. She "grew fond of her husband" (18), but fondness is not a good reason for marriage.

Gatsby is Not Really Great Essay -- The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgera

Is Gatsby Really Great? The first thing you see when you pick up this book is the Title â€Å"The Great Gatsby† So already you expect Gatsby to great before you have even opened the book. As the first chapter unravels The Narrator and Gatsby’s Neighbor Nick Carraway, tells us plainly that he loathes Gatsby, however by the end of the paragraph he describes Gatsby’s character as â€Å"gorgeous†. He also says â€Å"No Gatsby turned out alright in the end.† From now we begin to wonder about how great Gatsby really is? On one hand he is â€Å"vile† because Carraway tell us he has â€Å"Unaffected scorn† for him while on the other hand he is â€Å"gorgeous†. We consider Nicks opinions to be very accurate as he is a fair and sensitive person who is also the probably the only person that really knew Gatsby. Gatsby is the stories protagonist when we first meet him he is very mysterious and â€Å"God Like† which adds to his sense of greatness. Nick says Gatsby has : â€Å"come out to determine what share of our local heavens ." The first thing we see Gatsby doing is reaching for a green light. This green light represents his dream. A dream he is striving to achieve. When considering Gatsby’s Greatness, we must remember always that this is the 1920’s the â€Å"Jazz Age†. And Gatsby was a young successful man with lots of money. Not only is this the ideal of the American dream, but he also through gigantic parties every Saturday in his gothic mansion, where all the rich and famous would gather. He was a perf...

A rose for emily AP response

Prancer Town gossip is some of the Juiciest and most important news in a small community, it's like an invisible hand that gradually shifts public opinions, and usually becomes a unanimous view of the town. William Faulkner creatively uses first person communal view in his short story'A Rose For Emily† to create a tale narrated by the town's collective opinion. The narration Is told out of chronological order but with a steady flow and quick plot build up giving the story even more of a town gossip feel.Throughout the story the author creates a decaying motif and twists the saying-skeleton in the closest† Into a literal metaphor. The townspeople are onlookers to the decent of another citizen of their town, but they choose to watch her slowly fall and rarely approach her or try to help her. Faulkner's point of view makes this even more effective since It creates a kind of commentary on Emily's life. The story opens with the end, Emily Grierson's funeral.This allows the rea der to assume that the remainder of the story will be about her life, when In fact the plot uilds up to the climatic scene after her burial. Faulkner creates this plot sequence with town gossip, all of the townspeople are remembering her life and recalling her downfall. Not only is it a unanimous telling, it may also be assumed that the story is watered down telling and general of what all the townspeople think or feel about Emily. Others may have had more radical or different opinions but the narration typically leaves out these outliers.Through the eyes of the townspeople we get a very brief image of â€Å"Miss Emily's† life. It seems that not many of them have really even spoken to her, just notice when she is out of the house or when she locks herself back in. The town watches her make an action and then assumes, for instance when she buys arsenic they all make the comment â€Å"‘She will kill herself' and we said it would be the best thing†. To assume that s he will kill herself for buying arsenic would seem to be a cue to help her, instead they almost silently encourage it.The townspeople dont see her as a person; They see her as a source of entertainment, nd they emotionally distance themselves from her. They're only onlookers to her life, the may offer financial support, like dismissing her taxes, but any other help they offer is superficial and without meaning behind it. Even when the women of the town prepared to â€Å"help† when Emily's father died they quickly gave up giving her ald when she denied her father's death. Most of the story she is referred to as â€Å"Miss Emily† and very rarely as a Grierson, only when It's pertaining to her social standing.Even hough being referred to Miss Emily might be a historical quirk It still distances the townspeople from her. With this communal view Faulkner empathizes the emotional dissonance of the townspeople have toward Emily's life, but If the story was told from Emllys vi ew the reader might experience a lonely girl with the world around her controlled with criticism at every turn. Faulkner also using a decaying motif throughout the story, applying It to MISS Emily and her environment, which compliments plot since Emily was falling from race.The Imagery is Introduced early In the story, with her body † She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water†¦ † and her house in a slmllar conaltlon â€Å"It smelled 0T oust ana Olsuse-a close, clank smell. â€Å". Even tnougn tne townspeople dont see her often they still mention these details. Faulkner's communal third person alienates the reader from Emily's emotions through her life. The townspeople don't see her as a person, instead they Judge her and rarely offer her companionship or help.

Examine the Role of Expert and Lay Knowledge in Understanding and Managing Risk.

Examine the role of expert and lay knowledge in understanding and managing risk. Contents Page Introduction 3 Risk3-4 What is risk? How do we understand risk? How do we manage risk? Expert Knowledge4-5 What is it? Advantages of expert knowledge Disadvantage of expert knowledge Lay Knowledge5-6 What is it? Advantages of lay knowledge Disadvantages of lay knowledge Beck’s Theory of a Risk society6 Case Study: Allotments the London Borough of Hackney. 7 Who has the knowledge? What are the risks? What is the evidence? Conclusion Case Study: Sun tanning. 8-9 Who has the knowledge? What are the risks?What is the evidence? Conclusion Conclusion9 References10 Introduction. This report will investigate how expert and lay knowledge can be used to understand and manage risk in today's risk society. Using the course materials to explain how different types of knowledge influence how we assess risk. Risk What is risk? Risk is ‘a state in which there is a possibility of known danger o r harm, which if avoided may lead to benefits. ’ (Bromley et al 2009) A risk can be visible, such as an injury sustained by falling off a bicycle, or invisible such as the link between sunbathing and skin cancer.The level of potential harm will affect the degree of risk felt. How do we understand risk? In today's society risk is almost always associated with a negative outcome. So when we are partaking in any activity we automatically compare the risk to the potential benefit. In order to understand risk we have to gain knowledge about the potential harm, this may be either expert or lay knowledge. How do we manage risk? By comparing the potential benefits against the potential harm of an activity we can decide whether to partake in that activity.One example of managing risk involves cycling and how risk is reduced by wearing a helmet. In this situation the benefits of cycling remained the same, it is the risk of sustaining serious head injury that is reduced by wearing a hel met (Carter and Jordan 2009, p59). In order for people to assess risk they will often review two types of knowledge. Expert knowledge – knowledge provided by experts. Lay knowledge – knowledge provided by personal experience. Expert knowledge What is it? Expert knowledge is usually provided by officials in order to inform the general public of the risks that certain activities may pose.There are two main ways of obtaining expert knowledge as discussed by Carter and Jordan (2009), scientific testing is used in the example of the allotments and epidemiology which was used in relation to sunbathing. Both of which have their advantage and disadvantages. Epidemiological findings are often refined and processed into health campaigns and policies. The advantages of expert knowledge are: 1. Experts have access to knowledge and equipment not available to the layperson. 2. They can complete complex scientific testing. 3. They are able to complete large-scale and long-term resear ch such as epidemiology. . Expert assessment of risk can be generalised and can be applied/delivered to specific target groups and the general populace. 5. They are usually employed to assess invisible risks. The disadvantages of expert knowledge are: 1. There are many different theorists and tests available and they often contradict one another making the results difficult for the public to understand. 2. Political agendas can affect project funding and research. 3. Information is given in blanket statements to the general public and can cause anxiety for non-specific groups. 4.Results from scientific tests can be analysed, reviewed and interpreted differently by different people. Lay knowledge What is it? Lay knowledge is an individual’s interpretation of expert knowledge combined or compared to personal experience. (Carter and Jordan 2009, p88) cite Davidson et al who suggest that people interpret and analyse expert knowledge into â€Å"lay knowledge† and they do th is through the medium of humour sometimes referred to as they â€Å"Uncle Norman† or â€Å"the last person† exceptions. For example my uncle Norman smoked 50 cigarettes a day, had fried breakfast every morning and lived until he was 92.The advantages of lay knowledge are: 1. People are empowered to use their own expertise and experiences to evaluate risks. 2. It is in line with the person's own views and religious beliefs. 3. Any assessment is specific to individuals, and their interpretation of expert knowledge. The disadvantages of lay knowledge are: 1. It is subjective and limited to an individual's knowledge or experience. 2. It only looks at risk on an individual basis and does not take into consideration the population as a whole. 3. It is usually based on the exceptional attention to the rule.Beck's theory of a risk society. One prominent sociologist investigating risk is Ulrich Beck, the main points to his theoretical perspectives are: 1. Risks in current socie ty are increasingly invisible. 2. Personal experience is no longer adequate for assessing risk. 3. We rely increasingly on knowledge provided by experts, however, that knowledge is â€Å"open to a social process of definition† (Beck cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009, p. 80). 4. Expert knowledge is usually targeted at the blanket population and can cause anxiety for everyone. . Political considerations are increasingly focusing on risk making epidemiology increasingly popular when devising health campaigns. 6. Experts focusing on long and short-term risks. Case Study: Allotments in the London Borough of Hackney. Who has the knowledge? In this example the knowledge about the risks is provided by experts such as the environment agency and scientists. What are the risks? They have assessed the risks to be: 1)Potential health risks of eating vegetables grown in soils containing poisons such as arsenic and lead. )Potential health risks from their skin contact with soil containing po isons such as arsenic and lead. What evidence is there? 1)The first shows the total levels of poisons in the soil by testing various soil samples and found dangerous levels of arsenic and lead in the soil. 2)The second test at the amount of those poisons that can be absorbed into the human body and found that the levels of poisons that could potentially be absorbed by the body were not high enough to cause concern. However, because there is no standardisation for the second test, the Environment Agency would not accept these findings.Nine samples were sent to different facilities around the world for testing and there was a high degree of variance in the results. Conclusion Because of the two different tests the soil went from being poisonous to safe again (‘A risky world? ’, 2009, track 2). Differences in results from scientific testing make it difficult to know which set if expert knowledge to follow. Case Study: Sun tanning. Who has the knowledge? In this example hea lth experts and holidaymakers have the knowledge to assess the risks of sun tanning. What are the risks? )Health experts advise there is a risk of getting skin cancer through exposure to the sun. 2)Holidaymakers perceive the risk as embarrassment of being seen as a â€Å"peelie wally† when they are on the holidays. What evidence is there? Organisations such as Cancer research UK have taken evidence from epidemiological studies that link overexposure to the sun to skin cancer. However, (Carter and Jordan 2009 p 81) show other scientific research that says lack of sunlight contributes to mood disorders such as SADS, and lack of vitamins D causes illnesses and diseases such as osteomalacia, arthritis and multiple sclerosis. http://www. longevity. about. com/od/researchandmedicine/a/vitamin_d. htm accessed on 11July 2012) Evidence from focus groups urged holidaymakers indicates that they are fully aware of the expert knowledge when assessing risk in relation to sun tanning they a re more likely to be influenced by lay knowledge. One interviewee states with the tan â€Å"Your skin clears up and you look and feel healthier†¦ † (Carter and Jordan 2009 p 77) Conclusion. Therefore in this case study the holidaymakers were comparing their own mbarrassment of going on holiday and being a â€Å"peelie wally† and the benefits of getting a tan and feeling healthier and looking better, with the health advice experts have given about sun tanning causes skin cancer. Conclusion. It is apparent in today’s society risks are increasingly invisible so we rely more on expert knowledge. The two case studies have shown that expert knowledge is often contradictory and there are many differing opinions on how best to obtain evidence in order to assess risk. Because of this people will use lay knowledge to assist them is assessing risk.Lay knowledge is also influential if a person has had experience of harm caused by the risk then they will be more cautiou s about partaking in that activity. So it could be deemed that expert knowledge and lay knowledge are more often than not in direct contrast with one another. References. ‘A risky world? ’ (2009) Exploring Social Lives [Audio CD 1], Milton Keynes, The Open University. Bromley, S. , Jeffries, E. , Meegan, J. and Staples, M. (2009) Learning Companion 3, Introducing the social sciences, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Carter, S. nd Jordan, T. (2009) ‘Living with risk and risky living’, in Bromley, S. , Clarke, J. , Hinchliffe, S. , and Taylor, S,. (eds) Exploring Social Lives, Milton Keynes, The Open University. http://www. longevity. about. com/od/researchandmedicine/a/vitamin_d. htm accessed on 11July 2012 Word count: 1368 Self-Reflection. I am still struggling to stick to my study schedule but I found this TMA much easier than the previous ones because it was not an essay. The shorter more concise paragraphs and bullet point are easier for me to link be cause of my dyslexia.

Specialty Hospitals and Community Hospitals Essay

Specialty Hospitals and Community Hospitals - Essay Example For instance, some cardiac hospitals had a tendency of treating cases that were more profitable as compared to the cases that community hospitals dealt with, whilst there was no conclusive determination as regards specialty hospitals dealing with surgical cases. Another realization of this analysis was the higher satisfaction from patients who received their treatment from specialty hospitals compared to other hospitals (Li & Wang, 2008). The conclusion drawn from this study was that specialty hospitals delivered care that was less uncompensated. However, the compensation of these costs came from payments done to corporate and property income taxes. Another mode of compensation was the failure to receive a disproportion share of hospital payments. On the other hand, the department of health concluded that some physicians usually referred patients to their private hospitals whilst still taking emergency calls from their departments in order to maintain their bases for referrals. These studied failed to identify a significant impact differential on both utilization and quality, and as such, recommended a modification on the prices of DRG in order to reflect costs much closely, as well as, eliminating any incentives provided. According to the studies and reports, it was impossible for MedPAC and the department of health to come up with a conclusive decision about the performance and activities of specialty hospitals. However, it was necessary to come up with a solid decision in order to determine the right position of specialty hospitals within the community. For instance, the CMS came up with certain decisions at the end of August 2006. It decided to follow up the recommendations made by the MedPAC in order to revise payments made to DRG for them to be much closer to other hospital costs as compared to hospital charges. In addition, it also seconded the proposed rule whereby specialty hospitals were to accept transfers of patients

Oil and Off Shore Drilling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Oil and Off Shore Drilling - Research Paper Example While drilling of oil is deemed necessary for compensating the deficiency of oil and to reduce its ever-increasing price, the large scale environmental effects of offshore oil drilling cannot be overlooked. According to the law of environmental science mass is always constant and therefore the amount of materials human beings release into the environment must go somewhere and in the course renders its due effect on nature. Hence during oil spills a large area around the rig is affected destroying the habitat both of water and land. The BP and the Exxon Valdez oil spill cases are remarkable in this context and the arctic zone is extremely vulnerable (BP oil spill: Italy drilling ban hits UK-listed explorer, 2011; Fontova, 2008). Although offshore drilling was temporarily banned after the BP incident, the constant demand for oil and petroleum and its high price of $110 per barrel have prompted US to relax regulations and favor offshore drilling. Moreover the economic goals of meeting d eficiency and reducing prices are not met by increase in offshore drilling. ... Hence the team participants of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have been deeming it conducive to boost the production of oil in order to control price rise. The author explains that when the supply increases in order to ensure future availability and reduction in cost, this further creates a boost in demand and hence the normal cases of price fall under increased supply does not take place. However while talking about oil price and the need to reduce the same, one needs to consider the global oil politics and the economy, which will be at stake. For instance, the oil exporting nations reap a major part of their revenues from oil. The sudden rise in oil prices made the oil dependant nations cautious about the supply strains and countries like United States put large-scale efforts to expand foreign reserves for future use. When the demand for oil fell suddenly in 2009, prices began to fall and this led to major problems with respect to decreasing government expenditur es and welfare activities in the oil exporting nations. The reserves of â€Å"easy oil† were already exhausted and extraction of â€Å"tough oil† requires large-scale investment in drilling and exploration, which the companies were not ready to make considering the falling demand. Therefore as the remaining reserves were getting depleted there was an impending rise in oil price, as demand would surge after recovery of the economy (Klare 2009). This shows the dangers involved in attempts to lowering of prices. Brian K. Mignone, director of research on Energy Security Initiative, has projected a similar explanation in his article ‘Offshore Drilling Will Not Significantly Lower Energy Prices’. Mignone (2008) observes that offshore drilling will